Science and technology
12 Oct 2022EBRAINS Brain Atlas enables scientists to map four new brain regions involved in many cognitive processes
Researchers have discovered four new brain regions in the human anterior prefrontal cortex that are crucial to cognitive functioning. The newly identified areas in females are larger than those in males in two cases. Using the new probabilistic maps, scientists were able to directly correlate the structure and function of the areas by superimposing datasets from functional studies. These maps are being integrated into the EBRAINS Julich Brain Atlas.
The human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive control including attention selection, working memory, decision making and planning of actions. Changes in this brain region are suspected to play a role in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and bipolar disorder, making it an important research target. Researchers from Forschungszentrum Jülich and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf now provide detailed, three-dimensional maps of four new areas of the brain region.
In order to identify the borders between brain areas, the researchers statistically analysed the distribution of cells (the cytoarchitecture) in 10 post mortem human brains. After reconstructing the mapped areas in 3D, the researchers superimposed the maps of the 10 different brains and generated probability maps that reflect how much the localization and size of each area varies among individuals.
High inter-subject variability has been a major challenge for prior attempts to map this brain region leading to considerable discrepancies in pre-existing maps and inconclusive information making it very difficult to understand the specific involvement of individual brain areas in the different cognitive functions. The new probabilistic maps account for the variability between individuals and can be directly superimposed with datasets from functional studies in order to directly correlate structure and function of the areas.
When comparing the brains of female and male tissue donors, the researchers found that the relative volumes of two of the newly identified areas were significantly larger in female than in male brains. This finding may be related to sex differences in cognitive function and behaviour as well as in the prevalence and symptoms of associated brain diseases.
Access the maps on the EBRAINS Knowledge Graph:
Bruno, A., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., & Amunts, K. (2022). Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic map of the area MFG1 of the human anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (v9.0) [Data set]. EBRAINS. DOI: 10.25493/CEYF-5QT
Bruno, A., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., & Amunts, K. (2022). Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic map of the area MFG2 of the human anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (v9.0) [Data set]. EBRAINS. DOI: 10.25493/TZ99-8JX
Bruno, A., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., & Amunts, K. (2022). Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic map of the area SFS1 of the human anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (v9.0) [Data set]. EBRAINS. DOI: 10.25493/89ZF-PF7
Bruno, A., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., & Amunts, K. (2022). Probabilistic cytoarchitectonic map of the area SFS2 of the human anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (v9.0) [Data set]. EBRAINS. DOI: 10.25493/PRBE-DG
Read the full paper:
Bruno A, Bludau S, Mohlberg H and Amunts K (2022) Cytoarchitecture, intersubject variability, and 3D mapping of four new areas of the human anterior prefrontal cortex. Front. Neuroanat. 16:915877. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2022.915877
